![]() A non-enjoyment smile, in contrast, features the same movement of the lip corners as the enjoyment smile but does not involve the changes due to the muscles around the eyes. FACS research has shown that in a true enjoyment smile, the skin above and below the eye is pulled in towards the eyeball, and this makes for the following changes in appearance: the cheeks are pulled up the skin below the eye may bag or bulge the lower eyelid moves up crows feet wrinkles may appear at the outer corner of the eye socket the skin above the eye is pulled slightly down and inwards and the eyebrows move down very slightly. Now, the most reliable marker of the enjoyment smile is the Duchenne marker. How to tell an enjoyment smile is genuine Involuntary facial movements, like those involved in an emotional expression, mainly arise from subcortical nuclei and arrive at the face via the extrapyramidal motor system. The voluntary facial movements originate in the brain’s cortical motor strip and arrive at the face via the pyramidal motor system. It appears that there are two distinct neural pathways that mediate facial expressions one pathway is for voluntary, willful facial actions, and a second for involuntary, emotional facial actions. Why would enjoyment smiles differ at all from other smiles? The differences between enjoyment and other smiles originate in functional neuroanatomy. This particular configuration of the enjoyment smile identified by Duchenne–the orbicularis oculi with zygomatic major–has been called the Duchenne smile in honor of Duchenne’s original observation. Only in the last few decades have researchers gathered the empirical evidence to confirm Duchenne’s observation. ![]() Duchenne noted that the orbicularis oculi muscle, which surrounds the eye, is recruited in smiles that occur with spontaneously experienced enjoyment but not in smiles that are posed. The facial expression commonly referred to as “a smile” is, in fact, not a singular category of facial behavior. What is the meaning of the smile? Recent research has shown that there are many types of smiles, and that one type of smile - the enjoyment smile - seems to be associated with positive emotion, whereas other types of smiles are not. ![]()
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